An organizational structure that includes both line and staff positions.

• A. Line Organization
• B. Functional Departmentalization
• C. Line-and-Staff Organization
• D. Geographic Departmentalization

Answer: (C)

The main idea is combining direct command over core work with specialized advisory support. In a line-and-staff setup, line positions are responsible for carrying out the primary tasks of the organization and directly facing achieving goals, while staff positions provide expert advice, analysis, and support to help those line units operate more effectively. Staff roles—such as HR, legal, IT, or financial analysis—don’t command the line workers but guide and assist them, ensuring better planning, coordination, and compliance. This arrangement lets the organization benefit from specialized knowledge without losing clear accountability for core operations. Other structures may focus purely on direct line authority or organize by function or location, but they don’t formalize the integration of both line and staff as this one does.